Effect of broiler breeders fed with corn or sorghum and canthaxanthin on lipid peroxidation, fatty acid profile of hatching eggs, and offspring performance.

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect on broiler breeders fed with corn or sorghum diets and canthaxanthin on lipid peroxidation, fatty acid, and offspring's performance. A total of 440 females with similar body weight (BW) (3.77 ± 0.11 kg) and 60 roosters were placed in an open-sided house with 20 pens, randomly distributed in a factorial arrangement (2 × 2). There were 4 diets of 2 ingredients; corn (CO) or sorghum (SO) and 2 levels of canthaxanthin; 6 mg/kg (CX) and 0 mg/kg (NCX) totaling five replicate pens of 22 females and 3 males each, from 45 to 65 wk old. The BW was measured every 28 days, carotenoid concentration, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), fatty acid profile (%) in egg yolks, and the performance from two incubations and their offspring were evaluated. The study had the same statistical design as broiler breeders, making a total of 4 groups with 10 replicate pens of 8 chicks each. The BW and mortality were not affected (P > 0.05) by diets. Egg yolks coming from the CO diet had the highest (P < 0.05) lutein (3.8 vs. 0.49 mg/kg) and zeaxanthin (4.25 vs. 0.22 mg/kg) concentration compared to SO diet. The SO+CX diet had the highest CX concentration (P < 0.0001). The SO+CX diet showed the lowest TBARS (P = 0.0002) in the egg yolk compared to the CO+CX diet. Egg yolks coming from breeders fed with CO showed a higher concentration of saturated fatty acids (23.36 vs. 21.44%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (27.17 vs. 24.96%). Egg yolks arising from broiler breeders fed with SO diets showed a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared (15.29 vs. 12.88%). The CX reduced the offspring CO diets mortality and improved their viability at 64 wk-old for the broiler breeders (P < 0.05). CX was well absorbed from the diet and effectively transferred to the egg yolk, thereby increasing its concentration in the yolk. This conferred resistance to oxidative stress to the yolk and also later to the developing embryo and its ultimate performance.

Effect of enzymatic and NaOCl treatments on acrylic roughness and on biofilm accumulation.

As denture cleansers should be able to reduce biofilm accumulation without changing the acrylic resin surface structure, this study evaluated the effect of denture cleansers on surface roughness of acrylic resin and on biofilm accumulation. It was conducted a crossover study of three phases of 4 days each and 13 volunteers wore palatal appliances containing four specimens of acrylic resin of known surface roughness which were extra-orally submitted once a day to three groups of separated treatments: (i) negative control, (ii) enzymatic commercial solution (Ortoform) or (iii) 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The appliances were immersed eight times a day in a 20% sucrose solution to enhance biofilm formation. On morning of the fifth day of each phase, the amount of biofilm formed on the specimens was estimated by the amount of protein extracted with alkali and the surface roughness of the specimens was again measured. New palatal appliances with new specimens were worn by the volunteers in the following phases, but the treatments were changed. The roughness of the resin increased after the treatments (P < 0.05) but the difference among the cleansers was not statistically significant (P = 0.85). The lowest amount of biofilm formed on acrylic resin specimens was found for the treatment with NaOCl (P < 0.05) but the enzymatic product did not differ from the negative control group (P > 0.05). The data suggest that the roughness of acrylic resin was not changed by the cleansers, but the ability to reduce biofilm accumulation depended on the product used.

Effect of luting cement on dental biofilm composition and secondary caries around metallic restorations in situ.

Since the importance of luting cement on secondary caries in enamel and dentin is unknown, an in situ crossover study was conducted in three phases over 21 days using a fluoride-containing toothpaste. One hundred and twenty-six metallic restorations were cemented into the dentinoenamel junction of slabs of human teeth with zinc phosphate (ZP), resin-modified glass ionomer (GI) or resinous cement (RC). The slabs were inserted onto flanges of the removable partial acrylic dentures of 14 volunteers and covered with gauze to enhance dental plaque accumulation. The volunteers used fluoride toothpaste (1.100 microg F/g, w/w). After 21 days, the biofilm that formed on the slabs was collected for biochemical and microbiological analyses, and the demineralization in enamel-dentin around the restorations was evaluated. The fluoride concentration of biofilm in the GI group was higher (p<0.05) than the ZP and RC groups. Also, the concentration of Zinc in biofilm formed on the slabs cemented with ZP was higher (p<0.05) than the other groups. However, the effect of the luting material on enamel or dentin demineralization was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The data suggest that when fluoride toothpaste is used, the anticariogenic property of the luting cement may not be relevant to the reduction of secondary caries.

Abordagem cirúrgica do megacólon congênito: estudo retrospectivo / Surgical approach of congenital megacolon: retrospective study

Estudo retrospectivo realizado entre janeiro de 1986 e junho de 1998 no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe com o objetivo de analisar os dados epidemiológicos, quadro clínico, meios diagnósticos, opçöes terapêuticas e índice de morbimortalidade de pacientes portadores da Doença de Hirschsprung que foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico. Foram avaliados 29 pacientes com predomínio do sexo masculino(80 por cento) e incidência maior em pacientes abaixo de um ano de idade (72,5 por cento). As manifestaçöes clínicas mais freqüentes foram a distensäo abdominal (48,3 por cento) seguida da obstruçäo intestinal (38 por cento), constipaçäo (34,5 por cento), toque retal com fezes explosivas (31 por cento) e vômitos biliosos (31 por cento). Os exames complementares mais utilizados foram o enema opaco (58,6 por cento), seguido da radiografia simples de abdome (48,3 por cento) e da biópsia de cólon (45 por cento). O procedimento cirúrgico definitivo mais executado foi a cirurgia de Duhamel modificada (44,5 por cento). Em 27,6 por cento dos pacientes houve relato de algum tipo de complicaçäo pós-operatória. A infecçäo de ferida operatória foi a complicaçäo mais freqüente nos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia definitiva (37,5 por cento). O procedimento cirúrgico que apresentou maior índice de morbidade foi a cirurgia de Duhamel Haddad (67 por cento). Ocorreram 2 óbitos, ambos em pacientes com enterocolite que foram colostomizados. A morbidade do procedimento cirúrgico definitivo foi zero. De acordo com os dados encontrados, a cirurgia de Duhamel mostrou-se vantajosa e eficaz no tratamento da Doença de Hirschsprung. O índice de morbidade da cirurgia definitiva foi alto, porém, foram complicaçöes de fácil correçäo e sem mortalidade